Martin Fleischmann Recounts the 1985 "Hole in the Floor" Palladium Electrolysis Experiment by @mes on 3Speak
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Martin Fleischman recounts his and Stanley Pons's 1985 palladium experiment, which created a hole in the floor akin to the movie The China Syndrome, which was about preventing a nuclear meltdown all the way through the earth. Speaking of bench top experiments, would you mind telling me a little bit about that morning you came in when you saw the hole on the floor? Well, it's a long time ago. He stood around it and we said, well, what do we do? Do we stop? Do we get the bits and pieces out of this and analyze it? Ah, we'll do that sometime. We'll implement this again. So when you walked into the room, can you describe it to me? No, it happened during the night. It was just a hole in the floor. What can you say about it? It's a hole in the floor. Okay. I'll leave you alone on that one. It's a hole in the floor. We'll go and make a bigger hole. No, we didn't. He said we have to scale it down so that it doesn't make a hole in the floor. This was a lethal experiment, potentially lethal experiment. Was it open or closed cell? It was an open cell. Why was it lethal, potentially lethal? Well, I mean, if you imagine the energy content of one cubic centimeter of palladium deuteride, it's horrendous. A bit too much active material? May the universe disappear. Ops. if it had gone, you know, if it had really blown out, it would have been a very serious matter. So we took steps to do it under much milder conditions, which continued until March 1988, at which time I had a major operation, and I was working through the data, and I phoned up my colleague at Stanton's and said this experiment has to stop until we redesign it. How long did it take before you redesigned it? Oh, I knew how we had to re -design it. That was very clear. To say, I've not been able to do the things I want to do. Is it possible that that would choose? No, no, I'm 76. He's another person next to you who's 76, but he's got a good line of research, and he's sticking to it coming. Why does he have a good line of research? Because he says this is the way to go, and he's continuing, if he ever doubted. that that was the way to go. He would be in the same situation that I'm in. And who is this gentleman? Ken Shelders. Hello, Ken. Extra details I found regarding the hole and the floor experiment. This was one of the first significant anomalous experiments reported by Martin Fleischman and Stanley Ponds, and occurred in 1985, well before their 1989 press conference. The experiment resulted in the melting and partial vaporization of the palladium cube used for their cathode, the partial destruction of their lab bench, a small hole in the concrete floor, and damage to the fume hood. Cold fusion investor Russ George spoke with Martin Fleischman in 2006 and recounts details of the hole in the floor experiment. A one centimeter cube of palladium had been sitting in a typical electrolysis bath of heavy water, which had a bit of lithium added to help the electrolyte for months. One weekend, Stanley Pons' son was tasked with checking up on the experiment. When he went to the lab, he saw that the cube experiment lay shattered and broken on the lab bench. and in the bench was a hole as if something burned through it. The experiment involved applying a tiny 1 watt direct current to electrolyze the heavy water. Oxygen was being produced and bubbled at the platinum anode, deuterium, aka heavy hydrogen bubbled at the palladium cathode cube. Palladium is a sponge for hydrogen and was also absorbing the deuterium. The palladium cube cathode may have held as many atoms of deuterium as there were palladium atoms. This is supposedly Martin Fleischman's perfect recipe for cold fusion. Martin Fleischman said the experiment was far too dangerous to repeat, and he even said that the energy required to do the damage they observed was so extreme that it was, quote, perhaps even beyond cold fusion. Fleishman and Ponds informed the nuclear authorities about the experiment, but they were dismissed as reporting the impossible. Martin and Stan continued their much smaller-scale experiments with tiny palladium cathodes, typically one centimeter long, and the diameter of a toothpick. These experiments were producing anomalous excess heat far beyond any conventional chemical energy source, They were also able to produce cells that sustained boiling temperatures for weeks, even continuing long after the electrolyzing current was shut off. Additional details can be found in Charles G. Budette's 2002 book titled Excess Heat Why Cold Fusion Research Prevailed. Interestingly, the foreword was written and signed by Arthur C. Clark, author of the famous 2001, A Space Odyssey. Arthur had hoped that scaling up the anomalous energy effects would bring about free power early in the new millennium. Charles writes that by late fall of 1984, the experiment had been running continuously for several months. At one point, in early 1985, Ponds raised the current from its nominal rate of 0.75 amperors to 1.5 amperors, and at the end of the day, sent his son Joey to turn off the current. Joey came in the next morning and found the experiment in shambles. Fleischman and Ponds reported in their preliminary notes a substantial portion of the pladium fused, whose melting point was 1,554 degrees Celsius, Part of it vaporized and the cell and contents, and a part of the fume-cubbered housing the experiment were destroyed. Stanley Pons's graduate student, Kevin Ashley, also witnessed the scene in the morning after the Pallium meltdown, and is quoted as saying, The lab is a mess, and there is particulate dust in the air. Kevin also describes how there was a one -foot diameter hole all the way through the very, very hard blacktop lab bench, which made a good-sized pit in the concrete floor as much as four inches deep. Here is a schematic of the general cold fusion setup by Martin Fleischman and Stanley Ponds. It is a typical electrolysis setup where a direct current is applied between a palladium cathode and a platinum anode. with the electrodes immersed in heavy water containing lithium duteroxide as the electrolyte typically inside a duer or vacuum flask for thermal insulation and inside a bath of water to minimize heat loss noise for calumitri or measuring the heat-produced VSD electrical power going in. This allows for sensitive measurements required to determine if excess heat is actually being produced in the cell. Heavy water is just water in which the hydrogen is deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen containing one proton and one neutron. An electrolyte is a substance that dissociates into ions in solution. allowing the solution to conduct electricity. The anode is where oxidation occurs, meaning a species loses electrons. In this case, the platinum anode mainly acts as an inert electrode, while oxygen gas is produced there from oxidation in the solution, rather than platinum itself, quote, gaining oxygen. At the cathode, deterium is reduced, and some may be released as deterium gas, while some is absorbed into the palladium cathode. The hole in the concrete floor, quote, meltdown experiment involved a very large 1 centimeter cube of palladium as the cathode, and running this experiment with and without current for many months before doubling the current just before the meltdown. This relatively simple experiment may in fact be a recipe for producing energy, even far beyond cold fusion.