A Network Interface Card

A Network Interface Card (NIC), also known as a network adapter or network interface controller, is a hardware component that enables a computer to connect to a network. It typically fits into an expansion slot on the computer's motherboard or is built into the motherboard itself.

NICs come in various forms, including Ethernet cards, wireless cards, and fiber optic cards, each designed for specific types of network connections. Ethernet NICs, for example, are commonly used for wired connections, while wireless NICs allow computers to connect to wireless networks.

NICs contain a network controller chip that handles the transmission and reception of data packets over the network. They also typically include connectors such as Ethernet ports or antenna connectors for wireless NICs, enabling physical connections to the network medium.

NICs play a crucial role in computer networking by providing the necessary hardware interface for communication between devices on a network, allowing data to be transmitted and received according to network protocols such as TCP/IP.